Yukon Territory, pronounced YOO kahn, is a region in northwest Canada. It is part of a vast subarctic region, with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The Yukon Territory is sparsely populated due to its harsh climate and rugged terrain. The territory has rich mineral deposits and magnificent scenery. Many prospectors hurried to the territory during the Klondike Gold Rush in 1897 and 1898. Today, mining remains the most important industry. Tourism and government are also important. The Yukon is one of Canada"s two political units called territories. The other is the Northwest Territories. Whitehorse is the Yukon"s capital and largest city. The land and its resources Location, size, and description. The Yukon Territory covers 186,661 square miles (483,450 square kilometers) in the shape of a rough triangle. The base rests on the border of British Columbia, and the peak on the Arctic Ocean. Alaska lies to the west of the territory, and the Northwest Territories lies to the east. Ranges of the largest mountain system of North America almost entirely cover the Yukon. The Rockies form part of this system but spread out into smaller chains in the southeast, near the Liard River. The highest peaks rise in the Saint Elias Mountains in the southwest. Mount Logan (19,524 feet, or 5,951 meters), in this range, is the highest point in Canada. The territory derives its name from the Yukon River. The word Yukon probably had its origin in the Kutchin Indian word Youcon (greatest or big river). The Yukon River drains more than half of the territory. Most of the rest is drained into the Mackenzie River through the Peel and Liard river systems. Natural resources. The territory has large deposits of asbestos, coal, copper, gold, lead, nickel, silver, and zinc. Valuable forests of white spruce cover much of the land. Other trees include birch, fir, pine, and poplar. Varieties of numerous fur-bearing animals live in the Yukon Territory. Animals of the region include bear, caribou, Dall"s sheep, elk, moose, and mountain goats. Among the game birds are grouse, ptarmigan, and waterfowl. Rare gyrfalcons and peregrine falcons also live in the Yukon Territory. Grayling, northern pike, lake and rainbow trout, salmon, and whitefish swim in the territory"s streams and lakes. Climate. The Yukon Territory has cold winters and cool summers. Average January temperatures are -2 °F (-19 °C) at Whitehorse and -16 °F (-27 °C) at Dawson. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the territory was -81 °F (-63 °C), at Snag Airport near the Alaska border on Feb. 3, 1947. Summer temperatures average from 50 °F (10 °C) in the north to 60 °F (16 °C) in the south. The territory"s record high temperature, 97 °F (36 °C), occurred in Mayo on June 14, 1969. Annual snowfall varies from 28 inches (70 centimeters) in the north to more than 79 inches (200 centimeters) in the south. Rainfall averages from 4 to 10 inches (9 to 26 centimeters) per year. The people The 1996 census reported that the Yukon Territory had 30,766 people. Most Yukoners have some British ancestry. There are about 3,500 North American Indians. Another 2,300 people have some American Indian ancestry. Almost all the people speak English. French is the native language of about 600 Yukoners. Tlingit, an Indian language, is spoken in some of the villages. About two-thirds of the territory"s people live in Whitehorse, the capital. Other Yukon communities include Dawson, Watson Lake, Faro, Ross River, and Haines Junction. Most people live in modern houses. Electric heaters, oil, and wood are used to heat houses. The burning of wood has caused air pollution problems in some suburbs of Whitehorse. Daily airline and trucking services bring perishable foods and other goods to the territory. Economy Service industries contribute more to the economy of the Yukon Territory than any other economic activity. Important community, business, and personal services in the territory include health care, education, and the operation of restaurants and hotels. Government services employ many people. Other service industries include transportation and communication; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and utilities. Information on transportation and communication appears later in this section. Every year, more than 400,000 people travel across the Yukon on the Alaska Highway. The Yukon section is regarded by many to be the most scenic part of the highway. Tourists also visit the Yukon to see scenes of the Klondike Gold Rush. Dawson has preserved many landmarks of that era. Many visitors to the Yukon Territory have read the works of the poet Robert William Service, who wrote his first famous works in Whitehorse. Tourist attractions in Whitehorse include the MacBride Museum and the S.S. Klondike, an old Yukon paddlewheeler. Kluane National Park lies in southwestern Yukon. Northern Yukon National Park lies at the northern tip of the territory. Spending by tourists contributes heavily to the service industries. Mining. The Yukon Territory"s mining industry is based almost entirely on the production of metal ores. The value of Yukon mineral production often varies greatly from year to year because the price of metal ores is unstable. When the value of a particular metal is low, mines that produce that type of ore may close. But when metal prices rise, many of these mines reopen. Zinc provides the most income for the Yukon"s mining industry. A large zinc mine operates at Faro. Other leading mineral products include gold, lead, and silver. Agriculture. Because of the short summer, most farmers plant only quick-growing vegetables. Several farmers have market gardens, and others grow hay. Excellent vegetables are grown in greenhouses during the long hours of sun in the spring and summer. Manufacturing. The Yukon has several small manufacturing industries. Goods manufactured there have a value added by manufacture of about $12 million a year. This figure represents the increase in value of raw materials after they become finished products. The region"s leading manufactured products are printed materials, fabricated metal products, and processed foods, especially fish. Other industries in the Yukon make chemicals, eyeglass lenses, jewelry, wood products, and Indian-style winter coats called Yukon parkas. Fishing industry. A small amount of commercial fishing for salmon takes place mainly on the Yukon and Alsek river systems. Whitefish and trout are caught in Lake Laberge and Teslin Lake. Fur industry. Some people of the Yukon make a living as trappers. The chief animals trapped are beavers, lynxes, martens, muskrats, and wolverines. Transportation and communication. Three airlines connect the Yukon Territory with Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, and the Northwest Territories. The Alaska Highway extends for about 600 miles (970 kilometers) through the Yukon. The 450-mile (725-kilometer) Dempster Highway connects the Yukon with Inuvik in the Northwest Territories. Bus service provides connections to cities in Alaska, Alberta, and British Columbia. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) has a radio station at Whitehorse. Automatic relays transmit its programs to the entire territory. Two other radio stations also serve Whitehorse. Live CBC television service reaches nearly all Yukon communities via communications satellite. Many communities also have cable TV. Telephone service is widespread. Two newspapers publish in Whitehorse. Education and social services Education. The territorial government maintains public and Roman Catholic schools. Most of the population centers have elementary and junior high school programs (kindergarten through grade 9). Senior high school programs (grades 10 through 12) are offered in Carmacks, Dawson, Faro, Haines Junction, Mayo, Pelly Crossing, Watson Lake, and Whitehorse. Yukon College, in Whitehorse, is the only school of higher education. Social services. Resident doctors live in Dawson, Faro, Mayo, Watson Lake, and Whitehorse. Resident dentists have offices in Whitehorse and visit other settlements periodically. Dawson, Mayo, Watson Lake, and Whitehorse have hospitals. Other settlements are served by nursing stations. Government The Canadian government appoints a commissioner to serve as honorary head of government for the Yukon Territory. The commissioner acts on recommendations from an Executive Council (cabinet), whose members direct government departments. A government leader presides over the council and is the actual head of the territorial government. The government leader is a member of the territory"s 17-member elected Yukon Legislative Assembly and the leader of the majority political party. The Assembly is the territory"s lawmaking body. The territorial government deals with such regional matters as education, public works, social services, and taxation. The people elect one representative to the Canadian House of Commons. The territory is also represented by one member in the Canadian Senate. History Indians have lived in the Yukon area since prehistoric times. In the 1840"s, Robert Campbell, a British fur trader of the Hudson"s Bay Company, became the first white person to explore the Yukon region. Campbell built a trading post on the Pelly River at Fort Selkirk in 1848. But Chilkat Indians looted and burned the post a short time later. The Yukon area was a part of the company"s fur-trading empire until 1870, when the company began moving its operations to the Northwest Territories. The Yukon was made a district of the Northwest Territories in 1895. In 1898, it became a separate territory. On Aug. 17, 1896, George W. Carmack and his Indian friends Skookum Jim and Tagish Charlie made a gold strike on Bonanza Creek. This led to the Klondike Gold Rush of 1897 and 1898. The creek is a tributary of the Klondike River, near the present site of Dawson. Thousands of prospectors poured into the Yukon when news of the discovery reached the rest of the world. Simple methods of hand mining produced $22,275,000 of gold in 1900. A fleet of gold dredges soon began digging gold. Dredges still dig gold from the deposits. The miners in the Yukon were often rough and unruly. At the beginning of the gold rush, a detachment of the North-West Mounted Police entered the region to preserve order. The influx of prospectors increased the Yukon"s political importance. In 1898, the Yukon became a territory, and Dawson became the capital. At the height of the Klondike Gold Rush in 1898, an estimated 35,000 people lived in the Yukon Territory. Records show that 7,080 boats passed down the Yukon River in 1898, carrying 28,000 people. Approximately 5,000 people came to the territory by other routes. After much of the surface ore had been exhausted, many prospectors left the Klondike area. Whitehorse had railroad service. Because of this, it became the distributing point for the territory and grew more rapidly than Dawson. Whitehorse became the capital in 1953. In 1979, the federal government transferred authority over a number of local matters from the commissioner to the elected council. These areas included education and taxation. During the early 1980"s, the economy declined, mostly due to low metal prices. But by the end of the 1980"s, the territory"s economy had improved because of higher metal prices and the addition of new businesses and new jobs. For many years, Indians in the Yukon Territory have pushed for self-government and have sought title to their traditional lands. In 1995, federal laws went into effect which granted self-government to some Yukon Indians and settled their land claims.
Канада занимает северную часть Севере - Американского континента. Страна омывается Тихим океаном на западе, Атлантическим океаном на востоке и Северным Ледовитым океаном и его морями на севере. Поэтому климат и природа Канады очень разнообразны. Северная часть находится в субарктической и арктической климатических зонах. Большинство северных островов покрыты льдом. Проливы между ними покрыты льдом 9-10 месяцев в году. Эта территория отличается климатом с очень холодной зимой и коротким, прохладным летом. Средняя температура зимой около
35 градусов ниже нуля. Средняя температура летом около четырех градусов выше нуля. Она контрастно отличается от остальной территории, где климат умеренный. Эта часть территории получает достаточное количество осадков и тепла. На юге находятся большие области плодородных земель. На западе страны климат мягкий и влажный благодаря теплому тихоокеанскому течению. Средняя температура зимой там 4 градуса выше нуля, средняя температура летом 21 градус выше нуля. Район Кордильер известен своими прекрасными лесами. Канадский запад - самая привлекательная часть страны. Там заснеженные вершины и тихоокеанские заливы создают удивительно красивую атмосферу. Кроме того, Канадский юг известен своей непостоянной погодой. Иногда там очень влажно, а иногда очень сухо: погода может измениться очень быстро. Ниагарский водопад, расположенный в этой части страны, привлекает людей со всего мира своей необычной красотой.
Перевод на английский :
Canada is situated in the northern part of the North American continent. It is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west, by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and by the Arctic Ocean and its seas in the north. That is why the climate and the nature of Canada are much varied. The northern parts lie in the subarctic and arctic climatic zones. Most of the northern islands are covered with ice. The bays between them are covered with ice for 9-10 months a year. This territory has a climate with very cold winters and short, cool summers. The average winter temperature there is about 35 degrees below zero. The average summer temperature is about 4 degrees above zero. It contrasts with the rest of the territory, where the climate is moderate. This part gets enough amount of rainfall and heat. In the south there are large areas of fertile soils. The west of the country has a mild and humid climate thanks to a warm Pacific current. The average winter temperature is about 4 degrees above zero there. The average summer temperature is 21 degrees above zero. The region of the Cordilleras is famous for its beautiful forests. Canadian west is the most attractive part of the country. There snow-capped mountains and ocean bays create a surprisingly beautiful atmosphere. Besides, Canadian south is known for its changeable weather. Sometimes it is too humid, and sometimes it is too dry: the weather can change very quickly. The Niagara Falls situated in that part of the country attracts people from the whole world by its unusual beauty.
Похожие топики по английскому:
Canada (2)
Canada is situated on the north of Northern America, washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, and the Arctic Ocean in the north and in the northeast by the Baffin Bay and the Davis Strait, which separate it from Greenland, In the south and in the north Canada borders on the USA. It is a land of vast distances and rich natural resources. Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Canada"s territory is the world"s second largest country, surpassed in size only by Russia. It includes many islands, notably the Canadian Arctic Islands, also called Arctic Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbour to the south. The total area is about 10 million sq km. Canada is slightly larger than the US. It is an important manufacturer, and its major cities, such as Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Edmonton, Calgary and Winnipeg are centres of commerce and industry.
The climate of Canada varies from temperate in the south to subarctic and arctic in the north. The highest Canadian point is Mount Logan 5,959 m. The population of Canada is about 32 million people. There are two state languages: English and French. English is spoken by 60 % of population; French is spoken by 23 % of people.
Most of Canada"s
inhabitants live in the southern part of the country and vast
areas of the north are sparsely inhabited. The country is
divided into ten provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba,
New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward
Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan) and three territories (Northwest
Territories, Yukon Territory, Nunavut Territory). The third
territory called Nunavut, to be carved from the present
Northwest Territories, was created in 1999.
The name Canada is derived from an Iroquoian term meaning
«village».
Among the great rivers of Canada there are the Saint Lawrence River, draining the Great Lakes and emptying into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence; the Ottawa and the Saguenay rivers, the principal affluents of the Saint Lawrence River; the Saint John River, emptying into the Bay of Fundy.
The government type is confederation with parliamentary democracy. The capital of Canada is Ottawa.
Canada became independent from the United Kingdom on July, 1, 1867. Legal system is based on the English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on the French law prevails.
The racial and ethnic makeup of the Canadian people is diversified. About 35 percent of the population is composed of people of the British origin. People of the French origin total about 25 percent of the population. The vast majority of French-speaking Canadians reside in Quebec, where they make up about three-fourths of the population; large numbers also live in Ontario and New Brunswick.
French-speaking Canadians maintain their language, culture, and traditions, and the federal government follows the policy of a bilingual and bicultural nation. During the 1970s and 1980s the proportion of Asians among the Canadian population increased, and today those who count their ancestry as wholly Asian make up 8 to 10 percent of the population. More than two-thirds of the Asian immigrants live in Ontario or British Columbia. The remainder of the population is composed of people of various ethnic groups, such as German, Italian, Ukrainian, Netherlands Dutch, Scandinavian, Polish, Hungarian, Greek, and Native American. Blacks have never constituted\a major segment of the Canadian population. Indigenous people make up nearly 2 percent of Canada"s inhabitants.
The largest religious community in Canada is Roman Catholic. Nearly half of Canadians who are Roman Catholic live in Quebec. Of the Protestant denominations in Canada the largest is the United Church of Canada, followed by the Anglican Church of Canada. Other important Protestant groups are the Baptist, Presbyterian and Lutheran. Nearly 2 percent of the population are Orthodox. Muslim and Jewish adherents each number about 1 percent. A substantial number of Buddhists, Hindus and Sikhs have been brought to the country in recent years by immigration. Nearly 13 percent of Canadians claim no religion.
Канада (2)
Канада расположена в северной части Северной Америки, омывается Атлантическим Океаном на востоке, Тихим океаном на западе и Северным Ледовитым океаном на севере и на северо-востоке, заливом Баффина и проливом Девиса, которые отделяют ее от острова Гренландия* На юге и на севере Канада граничит с США. Канада является землей огромных расстояний и богатых природных ресурсов. Канада стала самоуправляющимся доминионом в 1867 году, сохраняя при этом связи с британской короной.
Канада является второй по величине страной в мире, уступая по размеру только России. Ее территория включает много островов, особенно канадские Арктические острова, также называемые Арктическим архипелагом в Северном Ледовитом океане. Экономически и технологически нация развилась параллельно с США, своим южным соседом.
Общая площадь территории - приблизительно 10 миллионов кв. км. Канада немногим больше, чем США. Страна является важным производителем, а ее главные города, такие как Торонто, Монреаль, Ванкувер, Оттава, Эдмонтон, Калгари и Виннипег являются центрами торговли и промышленности.
Климат Канады меняется от умеренного на юге до субарктического и арктического на севере. Самая высокая точка Канады - гора Маунт Логан - 5959 м. Население Канады - приблизительно 32 миллиона человек. В Канаде два государственных языка: английский и французский. На английском языке говорят 60 % населения, на французском языке говорят 23 % населения.
Большинство жителей Канады живут в южной части страны, а обширные северные области практически не заселены. Страна разделена на десять провинций (Альберта, Британская Колумбия. Мантоба, Новый Брансвик, Ньюфаундленд, Новая Скотия, Онтарио, Принц Эдвард Исланд, Квебек, Саскатчевань) и три территории (Северо-западная территория, территория Юкон, территория Нунавут). Третья территория Нунавут была создана в 1999 году путем отделения от уже существующей Северо-западной территории.
Название Канада происходит от ирокезского термина «деревня».
Среди самых больших рек Канады - река Святого Лаврентия, текущая из Великих озер и впадающая в залив Святого Лаврентия, Оттава и Сагенай, основные притоки реки Святого Лаврентия; река Сейнт Джон (Святой Джон) впадает в залив Фанди.
Тип правительства - конфедерация с парламентской демократией. Столица Канады - Оттава. Согласно административному делению в Канаде есть 10 провинций и 3 территории.
Канада стала независимой от Великобритании 1 июля 1867 года. Юридическая система основана на английском общем праве, кроме территории Квебек, где преобладает система гражданского права, основанная на французском законодательстве.
Расовый и этнический состав населения Канады разнообразен. Приблизительно 35 процентов населения составляют люди британского происхождения. Люди французского происхождения составляют приблизительно 25 процентов от общего числа населения. Подавляющее большинство французоговорящих канадцев проживает в Квебеке, где они составляют примерно три четверти всего населения; многие живут в Онтарио и Новом Брансвике.
Говорящие на французском языке
канадцы хранят свой язык, культуру и традиции, а федеральное
правительство следует политике двуязычной нации, основанной на
двух культурах. В течение 1970-х и 1980-х годов среди канадского
населения возросло количество азиатов, и сегодня те, кто считают
свое происхождение полностью азиатским, составляют от 8 до 10
процентов всего населения. Более двух третьих
иммигрантов-азиатов живут в Онтарио, или Британской Колумбии.
Остальная часть населения представлена людьми различных
этнических групп, таких как немцы, итальянцы, украинцы,
голландцы, скандинавы, поляки, венгры, греки и коренные
американцы. Чернокожие никогда не
составляли существенную часть канадского населений- Местные
народы составляют почти 2 процента от общего числа жителей
Канады.
Самым большим религиозным сообществом в Канаде является римско-католическое сообщество. Почти половина его членов проживает в Квебеке. Из протестантских сообществ в Канаде самым большим является Объединенная церковь Канады, за которой следует Англиканская церковь Канады. Другие важные Протестантские сообщества - баптисты, пресвитериане, лютеранцы. Почти 2 процента от всего населения исповедуют православие. Мусульмане и евреи насчитывают каждый приблизительно по 1 проценту от общего числа населения. Иммиграция последних лет принесла в страну значительное число буддистов, индусов и сикхов. Почти 13 процентов канадцев заявляет, что не исповедуют никакой религии.
Questions:
1. Where is
Canada situated?
2. When did Canada become an independent dominion?
3. What size does Canada have?
4. What is the highest Canadian point?
5. How many people live in Canada?
6. How many people speak English?
7. How many people speak French?
8. How many provinces are there in Canada?
9. Are there indigenous people in Canada?
10. What is the largest religious community in Canada?
Vocabulary:
to wash - омывать
the Arctic Ocean - Северный Ледовитый океан
border - граница
vast - обширный, громадный; безбрежный
natural resource - природные ресурсы
self-governing dominion - доминион под самоуправлением
crown - корона
to surpass - превосходить, превышать
notably - весьма, заметно, очень, сильно
neighbour - сосед
slightly - мало, незначительно, слегка
commerce - коммерция, торговля
to vary - изменять(ся), менять(ся); отличаться
temperate - умеренный (о климате и т. п.)
subarctic - субарктический
sparsely - редко, негусто
to inhabit - населять, заселять
to be derived from - происходить от
Iroquoian - ирокезский
to drain - отводить воду, осуществлять дренаж
to empty into - зд. впадать
the Gulf of Saint Lawrence - залив Святого Лаврентия
the Ottawa - река Оттава
the Saguenay - река Сагенай
affluent - приток (реки)
confederation - конфедерация
to prevail - преобладать, господствовать
makeup - состав, строение
to diversify - разнообразить; изменять
to be composed of - состоять из
origin - происхождение
majority - большинство
to reside - пребывать, находиться
to maintain - поддерживать
bilingual - двуязычный
to increase - возрастать, увеличивать(ся); расти
ancestry - предки, прародители
indigenous - аборигенный, местный, туземный
Roman Catholic - римско-католический; католик
the United Church of Canada - Объединенная церковь Канады
the Anglican Church of Canada - Англиканская церковь Канады
the Baptist - баптисты
Presbyterian - пресвитерианин (представитель пресвитерианства -
религиозного течения, являющегося разновидностью кальвинизма в
англоязычных странах)
Lutheran - лютеране
Orthodox -релиз, православный
Muslim - мусульманин
-ewish - иудей
adherent - приверженец, сторонник
Buddhist - буддист
Hindus - индус
Sikh - сикх (последователи сикхизма, секты в индуизме)
to claim - заявлять, утверждать
Canada is situated in the northern part of the continent of North America. It does not include Alaska.
Canada has an area of nearly ten million square kilometres. It is the second largest country in area after Russia.
Its land boundaries are along the United States of America in the South and along Alaska (USA) in the North-West.
Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. In the North it is washed by the Arctic Ocean. And through the Arctic Ocean Canada stretches to the North Pole. This makes Canada the northernmost country in the world.
The country is very big and occupies the territory from the Great Lakes in the South to the Arctic Circle in the North. So, it has many different types of land: arctic tundra, mountains, forests, central plains and vast prairies, high plains, fjords, lakes and rivers, islands and even a desert.
There are many islands in the North — the best known is Victoria Island.
Canada is so big that a former prime minister of Canada, Mackenzie King, once said that Canada had "too much geography"... And he was certainly right.
The Rocky Mountains and the Coast Mountains run along the Pacific coast.
The Western Cordillera is famous for the country’s highest mountain, Mount Logan, 5,951 metres high. It is situated on the territory of Yukon.
In Labrador and parallel to the eastern coast of Canada there are also mountains. Labrador is a peninsula on the eastern coast of Canada. Some mountains are also on the island of Baffin Land.
Almost half of the territory of Canada is occupied by the Canadian Shield. It is a huge area which has a shape of a horse-shoe. It stretches around the Hudson Bay from Labrador coast to the St. Lawrence lowlands. The Canadian shield is:
Geographers gave this region its name because they thought its shape was like a shield.
It is peculiar that water is everywhere in Canada. This country contains more freshwater than any other country — 25 per cent of the world’s resources.
Apart from the oceans on its sides, Canada is a country of lakes. It has seven of the world’s largest lakes (some shared with the US). The province of Ontario alone has 400,000 lakes, big and small, so many that we can hardly count them.
The Great Lakes are situated along the boundary between Canada and the USA. They include 5 lakes:
For you to remember their names better, keep in mind the combination of letters — H, O, M, E and S (HOMES) — where H stands for the Huron, O stands for the Ontario etc.
There are three larger lakes such as:
In addition to the lakes Canada has three of 20 world’s largest rivers.
All of them flow into three different oceans: the St. Lawrence River flows into the Atlantic Ocean, the Mackenzie flows into the Arctic Ocean from the Rocky Mountains and the Yukon flows into the Pacific Ocean.
Besides these three, there are also the Nelson and the Saskatchewan.
Niagara Falls are one of the most wonderful sights in the world. They are located on the Niagara River between the province of Ontario in Canada and the state of New York in the USA (see page 89).
Since Canada is so big and stretches for thousands of kilometres it has many climatic regions with their own weather conditions.
Winter in Canada lasts from four to five months with heavy snowfalls. There is much rain in the east and west but less in the central area. The north of the country, near the Arctic, is tundra with great forests to the South. The central plains form the prairies — a large area of grass-covered land.
There are many trees in this country — forests cover around 25 per cent of its land. Plant life is different and depends much on climate and land. Most common trees are sugar maple, beech, balsam poplar, fir, yellow pine, hemlock and cedar.
The maple tree has become the most prominent Canadian symbol. Its leaf can be found on the Flag of Canada, its coat of arms, coins and many other things.
The animals in the country have very much in common with those of Northern Europe and Asia. There is the beaver, the sable, the wolverine, the brown bear, the elk, the polar bear, the buffalo, the lemming and the grizzly bear.
The beaver became the official emblem of Canada in 1975.
The country has such mineral resources as iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, diamonds, silver, coal, natural gas.
Forests (with timber) and rivers (with hydropower stations and fish) and its wildlife are other important natural resources there.
Canada is one of the world’s largest exporters of agricultural products (wheat, meat, dairy products, some kinds of fruit, especially apples.
Перевод некоторых слов и географических названий:
the Pacific Ocean — Тихий океан, the Atlantic Ocean — Атлантический океан, the Arctic Ocean — Северный Ледовитый океан, the North Pole — Северный полюс, the Great Lakes — Великие озера, the Arctic Circle — Северный полярный круг, Victoria Island — о. Виктория, the Rocky Mountains — Скалистые горы, the Coast Mountains — Береговой хребет, The Western Cordillera — горы Западные Кордильеры, Mount Logan — гора Логан, Labrador — п-ов Лабрадор, Baffin Land — о. Баффинова Земля, The Canadian Shield — Канадский щит (выступ рельефа с северной стороны Северо-Американской Канадской платформы), The Hudson Bay — Гудзонов залив, Lake Superior — оз. Верхнее, Lake Huron — оз. Гурон, Lake Erie — оз. Эри, Lake Ontario — оз. Онтарио, Lake Michigan — оз. Мичиган, Great Bear Lake — Большое Медвежье озеро, Great Slave Lake — Большое Невольничье озеро, Lake Winnipeg — оз. Виннипег, the Mackenzie — р. Маккензи, the Yukon — р. Юкон, the St. Lawrence River — р. Святого Лаврентия, the Nelson — р. Нельсон, the Saskatchewan — р. Саскачеван, Niagara Falls — Ниагарский водопад, maple — клен, sugar maple — клен сахарный, beech — бук, буковое дерево, balsam poplar — тополь индейский бальзамический, fir — пихта; ель, yellow pine — желтая сосна, hemlock — тсуга (хвойное дерево), cedar — кедр
Данный текст поможет вам написать сочинение по английскому языку для 9, 10, 11 классов на темы "Канада", "География Канады", "Природа Канады".
Canada is situated in the northern part of the North American continent. It is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west, by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and by the Arctic Ocean and its seas in the north. That is why the climate and the nature of Canada are much varied. The northern parts lie in the subarctic and arctic climatic zones. Most of the northern islands are covered with ice. The bays between them are covered with ice for 9-10 months a year. This territory has a climate with very cold winters and short, cool summers. The average winter temperature is about 35 degrees below zero. The average summer temperature is about 4 degrees above zero. It contrasts with the rest of the territory, where the climate is moderate. This part gets enough amount of rainfall and heat. In the south there are large areas of fertile soils. The west of the country has a mild and humid climate thanks to a warm Pacific current. The average winter temperature is about 4 degrees above zero there.
Канада занимает северную часть Североамериканского континента. Страна омывается Тихим океаном на западе, Атлантическим океаном на востоке и Северным Ледовитым океаном и его морями на севера. Тому климат и природа Канады очень разнообразные. Северная часть находится в арктической климатической зоне. Большинство северные острова покрыты льдом. Протоки между ними покрыты льдом 9-10 месяцев на год. Эта территория отличается климатом с очень холодной зимой и коротким, прохладным летом. Средняя температура зимой около 35 градусов ниже нуля. Средняя температура летом около 4 градусов выше нуля. Она контрастно отличается от другой территории, где климат воздержан. Эта часть территории получает достаточное количество осадков и теплая. На юге находятся большие области плодородных земель. На западе страны климат мягкий и влажный благодаря теплому тихоокеанскому течению. Средняя температура зимой там 4 градуса выше нуля.
The average summer temperature is 21 degrees above zero. The region of the Cordilleras is famous for its beautiful forests. Canadian west is the most attractive part of the country.
The snow-capped mountains and ocean bays create a surprisingly beautiful atmosphere. Besides, Canadian south is known for its changeable weather. Sometimes it is too humid, and sometimes it is too dry: the weather can change very quickly. The Niagara Falls situated in that part of the country attracts people from all over the world by its unusual beauty.
Средняя температура летом 21 градус выше нуля. Район Кордильер известный своими прекрасными лесами. Заснеженные вершины и тихоокеанские заливы создают удивительно красивый вид. Кроме того, Канадский юг известный своей непостоянной погодой. Иногда там очень влажно, а иногда очень сухо: погода может быстро меняться. Ниагарский водопад, расположенный в этой части страны, привлекает людей со всего мира своей необыкновенной красотой.
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